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Timestamps and Time Zones
Store UTC timestamps, display in the user's zone, and exchange ISO 8601 across systems. Do not store a local time string without an offset, or cross-zone readers will be ambiguous.
Three representations
Timestamp: absolute and unambiguous, good for storage and math.
ISO 8601: includes Z or an offset, good for APIs.
Local string: display only, not storage.
Cross-zone scheduling
Agree on a reference zone (UTC or the organization's main zone), then convert.
Test daylight-saving transition days; do not assume a fixed offset.
FAQ
Store UTC or local?
Store UTC timestamps or ISO, and convert for display.
What does Z in ISO mean?
Z means UTC, zero offset.
Sources
Related calculators
Timestamp ConverterConvert Unix timestamps to local, UTC and ISO dates, or dates to second/millisecond timestamps.More guides
What Is a Unix Timestamp?Read guideKEEP READING
继续读
按顺序读，或跳到同主题的其他指南。